Japanese dog breeds are very ancient; their ancestors still roam the countryside of Japan today. The Shiba Inu dog breed is probably the world’s most well-known Japanese dog breed, but many others have exciting stories and histories.
This article will look at a dozen Japanese dog breeds to see what sets them apart and whether they would be suitable pets in your home.
Japanese Dog Breed History
For thousands of years, dogs have shared our lives and our culture. To be more precise, it was around 15,000 years ago. Around this period, people in Eastern Asia first started taming wild wolves and raising them as pets.
Jomon nomads, who mainly subsisted on hunting and gathering, decided around 12,000 years ago, “Let’s leave mainland Asia and bring our dogs to the island of Japan.” And they did, placing their trust in their puppies to provide companionship, protection, and assistance (because dogs are much better at hunting wild boars than people).
Isogai discovered that the six now-distinct Japanese dog breeds sprung from the same medium-sized ancestors. People from the Korean Peninsula and China mixed with local communities as they made their way to Japan. Not only that, but the relationship between dogs and humans evolved.
The Japan Kennel Club claims that in the 16th century, dog ownership was a sign of social standing among Japan’s elite. Animals like the Japanese chin became more popular as presents and show dogs along the Silk Road.
This period of isolation lasted for over two centuries, during which time the country was isolated from the world in terms of trade and travel. During the Sakoku era (1635–1854), no non-native dog breeds were allowed into Japan, creating a favorable setting for developing native Japanese dog breeds.
Most Popular Japanese Dog Breeds
The Japanese have bred the spitz breed for centuries, and over time this breed has evolved into Tosa Inu, a hunting dog used for hunting wild boar, deer, raccoon, and other animals.
Hunting dogs are also known as shin-ken, which means god dog. The Japanese Spitz was first imported to America in 1960, and they became popular because they looked like a fox on stilts with their long legs and pointy ears. (*)
This Japanese dog breed is trendy because it is small enough to be kept in an apartment or living room but still has plenty of energy.
Other Japanese dog breeds that are widely popular are the Akita Inu, a Japanese large dog breed; Shiba Inu, which is a medium-sized Japanese dog; Hokkaido Ken, a medium-sized Japanese breed that looks similar to Akitas; Kishū Ken or Tōkai Ken.
#1. Shiba Inu
The loyal Shiba Inu is easy to love, and they are also great pets for those who like quiet company. Shibas come in various colors, including red, copper, sesame, black, and tan, and are rumored to have been named after the brightly colored brushwood found in the woodlands where they were developed for hunting.
Shiba Inus are the smallest of the native Japanese dog breeds, but they are the most protective of their human families and food bowls. Shiba Inus, according to the National Shiba Club of America, need both mental and physical stimulation.
There is evidence that Shiba Inu has been famous in Japan since at least 7000 B.C. This type of dog is widespread in Japan now, but they were nearly wiped out by distemper and bombings in Japan following World War II. Like cats, Shibas spend a lot of time grooming themselves, making them more feline than canine.
Breed Characteristics:
- Height: 13-16 inches on average
- Regular Weight: max 23 lbs.
- Personality traits: warm and protective
- Expenditure of Shedding: Considerable
- Activity: High levels of activity
- The average life expectancy: Between 13 and 16 years.
#2. Hokkaido Inu
The Hokkaido Inu is native to the Japanese island and prefecture of Hokkaido, located in the country’s far north. Ainu Ken, Seta, and Ainu dog are all common names for this particular type of dog. The Hokkaido is the Shiba and Akita’s counterpart regarding size, and they seem incredibly similar. Hokkaido is a medium-sized dog.
Hokkaido’s are distinguished by their long, thick fur, which acts as insulation for the Hokkaido residents throughout the frigid winter months. Because they have two coats, however, Hokkaido requires more maintenance than the typical Japanese dog. The Hokkaido needs regular grooming.
They were initially bred and raised by the indigenous Ainu people of Northeast Japan so that they may accompany them on their hunts. These dogs were developed to endure long distances while preserving their skill and quickness, even when subjected to the arduous circumstances of winter.
The steadfast allegiance and unwavering dedication of Hokkaido Inus to their masters is undoubtedly the trait that most defines this breed. This is something that can be found in all Japanese terriers. However, when combined with their remarkable assurance, they will leap at the chance to please their owners and do everything it takes.
Breed Characteristics:
- Height: max 20 inches
- Weight: Consistently falling between 40 and 60 pounds
- Personality traits: Intellectual and devoted
- Expenditure of Shedding: Seasonal
- Activity: High levels of activity
- The average life expectancy: Between 12 and 15 years.
#3. Akita Inu
Meet one of the most devoted species on the planet. The Akita is incredibly protective, which makes them excellent watchdogs but poor playmates for other dogs. Leash training and socialization should begin early, as pups are naturally wary of strangers and eager to chase after small animals.
Even though Helen Keller imported the first Akita to the U.S. in 1937 (she famously referred to her dog as an “angel in fur”), the breed didn’t attain unprecedented success in the USA until after World War II. These canines are big and cuddly, with long, thick coats and curving tails reminiscent of spitz breeds. The Akita was designated a National Monument in Japan in 1931.
Originally, Akitas were highly skilled predators. Their front dew claws are like ice picks, giving them traction while climbing out of cold water, and their webbed feet allow them to cross snowy terrain skillfully. Once upon a time in Japan’s history, Akitas were solely owned by the Imperial family, but today, you can find Akita lovers worldwide.
Breed Characteristics:
- Height: max 28 inches
- Weight: Consistently falling between 70 and 120 pounds
- Personality traits: Faithfulness and bravery
- Expenditure of Shedding: Seasonal
- Activity: High levels of activity
- The average life expectancy: Between 10 and 12 years.
#3. Kai Ken
Even though it is well known throughout Japan, the Kai Ken is still a highly uncommon breed of domestic dog in the country. Because it is one of Japan’s six native dog breeds, the Kai Ken is regarded as a national asset and is afforded protection by the Nihon Ken Hozonkai (Nippo).
They were designed specifically for the steep, hilly terrain of the Yamanashi prefecture to facilitate hunting large animals such as deer, boar, and bear. They are agile in the water and have a natural ability to climb trees. As a result of this, they are the most versatile hunters in Japanese culture.
As a result of Kai Ken’s many cameo appearances in manga and anime, the character has become ingrained in the canon of Japanese popular culture. There is no way to refute that these allusions contributed to the popularity of Kai Ken among the younger generation in Japan.
Breed Characteristics:
- Height: max 20 inches
- Weight: Consistently falling between 20 and 50 pounds
- Personality traits: A Hard-Working, Sporty Personality
- Expenditure of Shedding: Mild to Moderate
- Activity: High levels of activity
- The average life expectancy: Between 12 and 14 years.
#5. Shikoku Ken
These canines, also known as the Shikoku Ken or the Kochi Ken, gained their names from the island located off the shore of Japan’s southeastern coast where they were initially domesticated. They are also known as the Kochi Ken.
They were developed to hunt large animals in the highlands. Therefore they have the appearance of little wolves because that is what they were designed to do. Shikoku are medium-sized dogs, yet they have the energy and agility of giant dogs despite their smaller size.
The North American Shikoku Club recognizes four different colors as acceptable for Shikoku dogs: Goma (sesame), aka (red), Kuro (black or black and tan), and Shiro (white). These colors are listed in that order (white or cream).
Because Shikokus are known for being stubborn and fiercely protective of their territory, they require rigorous training from an early age. In 1937, Japan’s National Parks and Monuments Preservation Organization (NIPPO) recognized the Shikoku Ken as a “Living Natural Monument.”
Breed Characteristics:
- Height: max 22 inches
- Weight: Consistently falling between 30 and 50 pounds
- Personality traits: Alert and active dogs
- Expenditure of Shedding: Moderate to High
- Activity: Fairly High levels of activity
- The average life expectancy: Between 10 and 12 years.
#6. Japanese Terrier
The origin of the Japanese terrier can be traced back to the 17th century when Dutch merchants brought Smooth Fox terriers to Japan. The Japanese terrier is a relatively new breed of dog. The little breed of dog we’re talking about here is packed with boundless energy and adores the game of chase with everything that can move.
Their short, snowy coats are frequently marked with spots of either black or brown. The fact that Japanese terriers have such cute little bobtails is another one of their appealing characteristics.
The Japanese terrier is the first breed of terrier developed in this country. They have a lively and mischievous personality, and their average weight ranges from just 10 to 30 pounds.
Breed Characteristics:
- Height: max 13 inches
- Weight: Max 9 lbs
- Personality traits: Positive, Active Personality
- Expenditure of Shedding: Moderate
- Activity: Moderate to High
- The average life expectancy: Between 12 and 14 years.
#7. Japanese Chin
The Japanese chin is a petite, noble canine member of the toy group. It is similar in appearance to a housecat that has been domesticated. The natural sense of majesty that chins possess is expected, given their history of being kept as pets in Imperial households.
The Japanese Chin Club of America asserts that these canines were formerly prized more highly than gold due to their status as works of art and the fact that they were presented to recipients as gifts at once.
Puppies of this breed have silky coats and can be found in various colors, including black and white, tan, and red. Some of the colors that can be seen in this breed are:
Surprisingly, Chinese breeders were the ones who first brought Chin dogs to Japan. This breed has been widely distributed in Japan since the Emperor of China gave some gifts to the Japanese Imperial Family. Canines of this size are commonly kept as pets; at their tallest, they measure no more than 10 inches.
Breed Characteristics:
- Height: max 10 inches
- Weight: Max 11 pounds
- Personality traits: Very calm
- Expenditure of Shedding: Mild to Moderate
- Activity: Mild to Moderate
- The average life expectancy: Between 10 and 12 years.
#7. Japanese Spitz
The joyful countenance, pointed ears, and curly tail of every variation of the Japanese Spitz Breed set them apart from one another. The Japanese Spitz, famous for its snowy white coloring, has a double coat that undergoes significant shedding twice a year, in the spring and the fall (usually twice per year).
They are friendly and energetic when you want them to be, yet they can relax when needed. For this reason, they make lovely friends. The Japan Kennel Club set the breed standard for the Japanese spitz in 1948.
The Japanese spitz is a companion dog produced in the 1920s as a descendant of the German spitz and developed as a companion dog in the 1920s. The Japanese Spitz Club of America asserts that young dogs of this breed will obediently follow their owners wherever they go.
Similar to a Pomeranian in appearance, the Japanese spitz is a toy-sized breed of dog with a soft, snow-white coat and a low requirement for grooming.
Breed Characteristics:
- Height: max 15 inches
- Weight: Between 15 and 25 pounds
- Personality traits: Jovial and Perceptive
- Expenditure of Shedding: Seasonal
- Activity: Moderate
- The average life expectancy: Between 12 and 14 years.
#9. Tosa Inu
The unpleasant truth is that the original purpose for which Tosas were created was for the sake of combat. However, contemporary families worldwide view them as gentle giants eager to give and receive love, embracing them with open arms.
Although Tosas are the most significant Japanese breed, becoming adults take them approximately four years, making them the breed that matures the most slowly. They have short hair ranging in color from rusty brown to fawn to apricot, and their noses can be either dark brown or black.
The American Kennel Club states that bulldogs, mastiffs, German pointers, and Great Danes were used as breeding stock in the development of Tosas during the 1800s.
The Tosa Inu is a giant Japanese dog breed, making it particularly notable. There is no greater love or loyalty than a Tosa feels for their family. This is the essential thing in a Tosa’s life. Tosas are steadfast and patient when it comes to people that are important to them.
Breed Characteristics:
- Height: Standard height is between 21 and 24 inches.
- Weight: Between 150 and 200 lbs
- Personality traits: Laid-back and devoted
- Expenditure of Shedding: Very Low
- Activity: Very Low
- The average life expectancy: Between 10 and 13 years.
#10. Kishu
According to the American Kishu Registry and Breed Club, a Kishu Ken should not be attempted to be contained within a fence of any kind. These native Japanese dogs, who have been kept as free-roaming pets in Kyushu, situated in the southern region of Japan, thrive best in a rural environment with plenty of open space to run and play.
The Kishu Kens prioritized having a good time and competing against one another in various games. The Japanese dog preservation society actively contributed to the breed’s revival despite a brief decrease after the breed was named a “National Monument” in 1934.
They are usually a pure white color, although some of them have a brownish hue. Always look for a powerful desire to hunt and an abundance of love.
Kishu dogs were initially bred as hunting dogs in the dense forests of Japan’s mountainous terrain, but these days, they are more commonly kept as pets in households worldwide. They take pleasure in being intellectually pushed consistently.
Breed Characteristics:
- Height: Standard height is between 17 and 23 inches.
- Weight: Between 35 and 65 lbs
- Personality traits: Active and Committed
- Expenditure of Shedding: Low
- Activity: Fairly High
- The average life expectancy: Between 10 and 13 years.
#11. Ryukyu Inu
There is a breed of Japanese dog known as the Ryukyu Inu, although even the vast majority of Japanese people today have never heard of it. Because there are so few of them, this breed of dog is regarded as one of Japan’s rarest because of how uncommon it is.
They are considered a priceless asset to Okinawa, located in the southernmost islands of Japan (sometimes known as the “Hawaii of Japan”). On the other hand, limited data is available regarding the specific beginnings of the Ryukyu.
However, many scientists believe they were initially raised to kill and track wild boars on the Japanese island because of their physical qualities. This could have been the case because the island is home to wild boars. The dewclaw that is attached to the back of the Ryukyuan foot is what differentiates them from other people.
The beneficial physical qualities of the Ryukyu Inu result from the breed’s evolution over thousands of years in a tropical rainforest environment. Because of this, they can climb up trees with a fair amount of ease. When observed from above, it is clear that these creatures have better tracking ability, which contributes to their success as predators.
Breed Characteristics:
- Height: Standard height is between 17 and 19 inches.
- Weight: Between 45 and 55 lbs
- Personality traits: Intelligent and alert
- Expenditure of Shedding: Moderate
- Activity: High
- The average life expectancy: Between 11 and 13 years.
#12. Sakhalin Husky
It is safe to state that the Sakhalin Husky is the rarest dog breed that originates from Japan that is still alive and well today. The canine species is in the most precarious of situations. As of 2011, Japan had only two purebred Sakhalin Huskies registered with the government.
Despite this, it is still possible that there are additional Sakhalin Huskies of which we need to be aware. Researchers have an educated guess that only a limited number of this particular dog breed is left on Sakhalin Island, but they need to provide an exact number.
These canines are part of a group known to be among the oldest sled dogs ever found. They were raised by the native Nivkh people of the area to use as winter transportation and work animals. They had previously been sent to the Soviet Union, where the Red Army put them to use, where explorers from Russia had shipped them.
Sakhalin Huskies are not only loyal companions but also make excellent students of obedience training (largely thanks to their outstanding work ethic). However, they are not exactly bursting at the seams with excitement to make you happy. They need the perfect balance of encouraging instruction and positive reinforcement to achieve their full potential as learners.
Breed Characteristics:
- Height: Standard height is between 20 and 26 inches.
- Weight: Between 60 and 80 lbs
- Personality traits: Smart, committed, and calm under pressure
- Expenditure of Shedding: Moderate
- Activity: High
- The average life expectancy: Between 12 and 13 years.
Related topic: What are the most low-energy dog breeds?
*photo by oleghz – depositphotos
